import numpy as np
import scipy.stats

'''
MIT License

Copyright (c) 2021 Nikita Kazeev

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
'''


# AUC comparison adapted from
# https://github.com/Netflix/vmaf/
def compute_midrank(x):
    """Computes midranks.
    Args:
       x - a 1D numpy array
    Returns:
       array of midranks
    """
    J = np.argsort(x)
    Z = x[J]
    N = len(x)
    T = np.zeros(N, dtype=np.float)
    i = 0
    while i < N:
        j = i
        while j < N and Z[j] == Z[i]:
            j += 1
        T[i:j] = 0.5 * (i + j - 1)
        i = j
    T2 = np.empty(N, dtype=np.float)
    # Note(kazeevn) +1 is due to Python using 0-based indexing
    # instead of 1-based in the AUC formula in the paper
    T2[J] = T + 1
    return T2


def fastDeLong(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count):
    """
    The fast version of DeLong's method for computing the covariance of
    unadjusted AUC.
    Args:
       predictions_sorted_transposed: a 2D numpy.array[n_classifiers, n_examples]
          sorted such as the examples with label "1" are first
    Returns:
       (AUC value, DeLong covariance)
    Reference:
     @article{sun2014fast,
       title={Fast Implementation of DeLong's Algorithm for
              Comparing the Areas Under Correlated Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves},
       author={Xu Sun and Weichao Xu},
       journal={IEEE Signal Processing Letters},
       volume={21},
       number={11},
       pages={1389--1393},
       year={2014},
       publisher={IEEE}
     }
    """
    # Short variables are named as they are in the paper
    m = label_1_count
    n = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[1] - m
    positive_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, :m]
    negative_examples = predictions_sorted_transposed[:, m:]
    k = predictions_sorted_transposed.shape[0]

    tx = np.empty([k, m], dtype=np.float)
    ty = np.empty([k, n], dtype=np.float)
    tz = np.empty([k, m + n], dtype=np.float)
    for r in range(k):
        tx[r, :] = compute_midrank(positive_examples[r, :])
        ty[r, :] = compute_midrank(negative_examples[r, :])
        tz[r, :] = compute_midrank(predictions_sorted_transposed[r, :])
    aucs = tz[:, :m].sum(axis=1) / m / n - float(m + 1.0) / 2.0 / n
    v01 = (tz[:, :m] - tx[:, :]) / n
    v10 = 1.0 - (tz[:, m:] - ty[:, :]) / m
    sx = np.cov(v01)
    sy = np.cov(v10)
    delongcov = sx / m + sy / n
    return aucs, delongcov


def calc_pvalue(aucs, sigma):
    """Computes log(10) of p-values.
    Args:
       aucs: 1D array of AUCs
       sigma: AUC DeLong covariances
    Returns:
       log10(pvalue)
    """
    l = np.array([[1, -1]])
    z = np.abs(np.diff(aucs)) / np.sqrt(np.dot(np.dot(l, sigma), l.T))
    return np.log10(2) + scipy.stats.norm.logsf(z, loc=0, scale=1) / np.log(10)


def compute_ground_truth_statistics(ground_truth):
    assert np.array_equal(np.unique(ground_truth), [0, 1])
    order = (-ground_truth).argsort()
    label_1_count = int(ground_truth.sum())
    return order, label_1_count


def delong_roc_variance(ground_truth, predictions):
    """
    Computes ROC AUC variance for a single set of predictions
    Args:
       ground_truth: np.array of 0 and 1
       predictions: np.array of floats of the probability of being class 1
    """
    order, label_1_count = compute_ground_truth_statistics(ground_truth)
    predictions_sorted_transposed = predictions[np.newaxis, order]
    aucs, delongcov = fastDeLong(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count)
    assert len(aucs) == 1, "There is a bug in the code, please forward this to the developers"
    return aucs[0], delongcov


def delong_roc_test(ground_truth, predictions_one, predictions_two):
    """
    Computes log(p-value) for hypothesis that two ROC AUCs are different
    Args:
       ground_truth: np.array of 0 and 1
       predictions_one: predictions of the first model,
          np.array of floats of the probability of being class 1
       predictions_two: predictions of the second model,
          np.array of floats of the probability of being class 1
    """
    order, label_1_count = compute_ground_truth_statistics(ground_truth)
    predictions_sorted_transposed = np.vstack((predictions_one, predictions_two))[:, order]
    aucs, delongcov = fastDeLong(predictions_sorted_transposed, label_1_count)
    return calc_pvalue(aucs, delongcov)
